Jemand habe sich ‚contre coeur‘ entschieden, sagen die Franzosen, ‚gegen sein Herz‘ und gegen sein richtiges Gefühl. So scheint es vielen Deutschen zu ergehen, fragt man sie nach ihren Ansichten zum großstädtischen und ländlichen Leben. Das Institut Allensbach hat dies gerade wieder getan. Demnach ziehen die Menschen dorthin, wo es ihnen subjektiv schlechter ergeht.
Auf dem Land leben die Menschen schlicht ‚glücklicher‘, das glauben inzwischen schon vier Fünftel aller Menschen, unabhängig davon, ob sie nun in großen Städten oder inmitten von Äckern und Feldern leben. 1956 glaubten dies nur 19 Prozent, 1977 immerhin schon 43 Prozent. Ein bemerkenswerter Wandel, der in völligem Gegensatz zu tatsächlichen Gegebenheiten steht.
Faktisch wandern nämlich immer mehr Menschen in die Großstädte, vor allem wegen der besseren Arbeits- und Verdienstmöglichkeiten, obwohl diese von höheren Miet- und Lebenshaltungskosten rasch wieder aufgefressen werden. Die Politik nennt dies ‚das demographische Problem‘. So etwas hat natürlich Folgen.
In den Städten steigt fortwährend der Aufwand, der für neue Wohnmöglichkeiten betrieben werden muss, die letzte Brache verwandelt sich dort in Bauland. Auf dem Land wiederum muss immer mehr Infrastruktur von immer weniger Einwohnern erhalten werden, die Kanalisation erweist sich bspw. als überdimensioniert, die Leerstände nehmen zu, die Substanz verfällt.
Faktisch sind die Unterschiede zwischen dem Stadt- und dem Landleben aber geringer, als viele annehmen. Es ist vor allem eine Gefühlsebene, die diese Unterschiede festschreibt, ‚Romantisierung‘ spielt die entscheidende Rolle. Die ‚Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung‘ schreibt:
„Die Begriffe „gute Luft“, „günstiger Wohnraum“ und „Nachbarschaftshilfe“ werden von großen Mehrheiten dem Landleben zugeordnet, Stichworte wie „gute Einkaufsmöglichkeiten“, „abwechslungsreich“, aber auch „Schmutz“ und „Lärm“ dem Leben in der Stadt. Etwas überraschend ist vielleicht dagegen, dass die Befragten die Assoziation „einsam“ zu 27 Prozent dem Landleben, aber zu 39 Prozent dem Leben in der Stadt zuordnen.“
Bei vielen Städtern existiert also ein Bild vom Landleben, das so längst nicht mehr existiert: Da kräht der Hahn noch auf dem Mist, die Kinder spielen mit Lämmern und Katzen auf dem uralten Kopfsteinpflaster des Hofes, an den hölzernen Staketenzäunen rankt sich die Ackerwinde, die gute Oma nebenan erzählt dem Nachwuchs ihre Märchen, während draußen der Wintersturm tobt, und an den Sonntagen zieht die Feuerwehrkapelle vorm Heimatmuseum vorbei.
Mit dem wirklichen Landleben hat diese Idylle natürlich wenig zu tun, mit der Stallfütterung, mit der fortschreitenden Computerisierung der Landwirtschaft, mit der zunehmenden Monokultur und mit vielem mehr. Auch das bäuerliche Leben ist durch und durch ‚modern‘ geworden.
Trotzdem liegt in der Sehnsucht der Städter eine große Chance für die regionale Entwicklung auf dem Land. Mit der Stressfreiheit, mit der endlosen Landschaft, mit dem windungsreichen Fluss, mit der ungebrochenen Nachbarschaftshilfe, mit billigen Haus- und Gewerbemieten und mit preiswerteren Lebenshaltungskosten besitzt das Land durchaus Pfunde, mit denen sich wuchern ließe. Auch, indem man die hoffnungslos romantischen Vorstellungen der Städter bewusst argumentativ bedient. Es gilt, jener Sehnsucht des Städters, welche die ‚Landlust‘ monatlich millionenfach füttert, eine reale Heimat zu schaffen. So ließe sich vielleicht künftig die ‚Landflucht‘ in eine ‚Stadtflucht‘ verkehren.
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